Alcohol use disorders and depression--the chicken or the egg?

depression, anxiety and psychotic disorders, facilitating research on AUD and depression within the context of the broader field of substance-related comorbidity. Continued refinement of methods to collect and analyze real-time assessments of drinking, alcohol-related symptoms and depressed affect [13] will also be essential to advance knowledge. Interestingly, the induced-independent typology has informed innovative research on ‘substance-induced suicidality’, a common clinical presentation in acute psychiatric settings as judged by clinicians [19]. Finally, it is essential that clinicians do not take alcohol-induced depression lightly because, like independent depression, it is subjectively painful and confers risk for suicidal behavior [20].